TOEFL Guide: Complete Preparation Strategies for a High Score
Published July 7, 2026 · 15 min read
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is accepted by over 11,500 universities in 160 countries, and is particularly popular for admissions to US universities. The TOEFL iBT (Internet-Based Test) measures your ability to use English in an academic setting. This guide covers everything you need to score 100 or higher.
TOEFL Test Format
The TOEFL iBT has four sections: Reading (54-72 minutes, 30-40 questions), Listening (41-57 minutes, 28-39 questions), Speaking (17 minutes, 4 tasks), and Writing (50 minutes, 2 tasks). Total time is approximately 3 hours. Each section is scored 0-30, for a total of 120.
Scoring
Most US universities require a minimum total score of 80-100. Top universities like Harvard, MIT, and Stanford typically require 100-110. Some programmes have minimum section scores, particularly for Speaking and Writing.
Preparation Strategies
Reading
Read academic texts from textbooks, journals, and articles. Practise identifying main ideas, supporting details, and the author's purpose. Build vocabulary by learning 20-30 new academic words per week.
Listening
Listen to academic lectures, podcasts, and campus conversations. Take notes while listening — note-taking is essential for the listening section. Focus on understanding the main idea and key details.
Speaking
Practise speaking for 45-60 seconds on various topics. Use a template: state your opinion, give 2-3 reasons with examples. Record yourself and evaluate clarity, pronunciation, and coherence.
Writing
Task 1 (Integrated): Read a passage, listen to a lecture, then write a response comparing the two. Task 2 (Independent): Write an essay expressing your opinion on a topic. Practise typing — the test is computer-based.
TOEFL vs IELTS
If you are unsure which test to take, check your target university's requirements. Most accept both. The TOEFL is more common for US admissions; IELTS is more common for UK, Australian, and Canadian admissions. The TOEFL is entirely computer-based; IELTS offers both paper and computer options. Choose the format that suits your strengths.
TOEFL Checklist
- Have I registered for the test well before my application deadline?
- Have I taken a practice test to identify my current level?
- Am I practising all four sections regularly?
- Have I built my academic vocabulary?
- Have I practised under timed conditions?
- Do I know the minimum score required by my target universities?